Cracking the AP Chemistry Exam, 2015 Edition by Princeton Review

Author:Princeton Review [Review, The Princeton]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 978-0-8041-2513-0
Publisher: Random House Children's Books
Published: 2015-01-19T16:00:00+00:00

Phase Diagram for Water

You should recognize how the phase diagram for water differs from the phase diagram for most other substances.

In the phase diagram for substances other than water, the solid-liquid equilibrium line slopes upward. In the phase diagram for water, the solid-liquid equilibrium line slopes downward. What this means is that when pressure is increased, a normal substance will change from liquid to solid, but water will change from solid to liquid.

Water has this odd property because its hydrogen bonds form a lattice structure when it freezes. This forces the molecules to remain farther apart in ice than in water, making the solid phase less dense than the liquid phase. That’s why ice floats on water, and this natural phenomenon preserves most marine life.

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